カタカナ:

An introduction to katakana

カタカナkatakana are another alphabet used in Japanese. You might have already noticed that the カタカナkatakana characters are the same sounds as the ひらがなhiragana characters. All that’s different is the character itself, and the use.....
Writing foreign words!
Emphasis (similar to using italics)
例えば: Romaji: tatoebaEnglish: For exampleClass: Kanji

Romaji: watashiEnglish: IClass: KanjiRomaji: waClass: hiraganaイギリスRomaji: igirisuEnglish: BritishClass: KatakanaRomaji: jinEnglish: PersonClass: KanjiですRomaji: desuEnglish: Is/ Am/ AreClass: Hiragana
I am an English person.
Borrowed words make up a small portion of the Japanese language. For example, the popular food item ‘Ramen’, often associated with Japan actually originates in China. As the term is borrowed from Chinese, we write it in katakana: ラーメンramen.
A lot of words are recognisable for English speakers, such as カメラKamera , テレビRomaji: terebiEnglish: TV and アイスクリームRomaji: aisukurimuEnglish: Ice cream.
Don't over think whether it's a borrowed word, or you'll go down the rabbit hole of 'it was borrowed from China 1000 years ago... is it カタカナ?!' Simply, if it's introduced in カタカナ, you write it with カタカナ.

The katakana chart

Let’s take a look!

Hiragana Chart
A I U E O a u o
Combos below stem from the i column
K ky キャ キュ キョ
S sh シャ シュ ショ
T ch チャ チュ チョ
N ny ニャ ニュ ニョ
H hy ヒャ ヒュ ヒョ
M my ミャ ミュ ミョ
Y
R ry リャ リュ リョ
W
G gy ギャ ギュ ギョ
Z jy ジャ ジュ ジョ
D jy ヂャ ヂュ ヂョ
B by ビャ ビュ ビョ
P jy ピャ ピュ ピョ
Of course, you can’t write a word like ‘hamburger’ exactly with these characters, you need to 'Japanese-ify' it. This would look like ハンバーガー.
It’s very strange at first saying English words like this. However, it will help Japanese people understand you. Infact, don’t be surprised if you get blank looks asking for a ‘hamburger’, but understood when asking for a ハンバーガー (han-baa-gaa).